Network performance is of great importance for processing Internet of Things (IoT) applications in the fifth-generation (5G)\ncommunication system. With the increasing number of the devices, how network services should be provided with better\nperformances is becoming a pressing issue. The static resource allocation of wireless networks is becoming a bottleneck for the\nemerging IoT applications. As a potential solution, network virtualization is considered a promising approach to enhancing the\nnetwork performance and solving the bottleneck issue. In this paper, the problem of wireless network virtualization is\ninvestigated where one wireless infrastructure provider (WIP), mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs), and IoT devices\ncoexist. In the system model under consideration, with the help of a software-defined network (SDN) controller, the WIP can\ndivide and reconfigure its radio frequency bands to radio frequency slices. Then, two MVNOs, MVNO1 and MVNO2, can lease\nthese frequency slices from the WIP and then provide IoT network services to IoT users under competition. We apply a twostage\nStackelberg game to investigate and analyze the relationship between the two MVNOs and IoT users, where MVNO1 and\nMVNO2\nfirstly try to maximize their profits by setting the optimal network service prices. Then, IoT users make decisions on\nwhich network service they should select according to the performances and prices of network services. Two competition cases\nbetween MVNO1 and MVNO2 are considered, namely, Stackelberg game (SG) where MVNO1 is the leader whose price of\nnetwork service is set firstly and MVNO2 is the follower whose network service price is set later and noncooperative strategic\ngame (NSG) under which the service prices of MVNO1 and MVNO2 are simultaneously set. Each IoT user decides whether and\nwhich MVNO to select on the basis of the network service prices and qualities. The numerical results are provided to show the\neffectiveness of our game model and the proposed solution method.
Loading....